H4 to H1 COS(change of status) pending ,can I apply for new COS this year?

You should not file multiple change of status applications. If it is taking an unusually long time for the application to get adjudicated, and you...

What is my current work status? I am still (as of today) with L1 employer and have COS (to H1) effective from Oct1 - 2012.

I agree with Charles. The latest I-94 governs your status and period of authorized stay in the U.S.

Do i need a visa from US consulate with the I-131 advanced parole status?

You will use your passport and the I-131 advance parole approved document. It has your picture on it.

I agree with Charles. You will probably be seeking entry based on L Blanket Petition.

I sponsored some one from Denmark for 30days and they want to stay longer.Can they stay with the departure date of 1/31/13.

You need to provide more facts - when did they enter, what visa and when does their authorized stay end?

Is it mandatory to apply for extension of H1 and H4 together?

She will apply for H-4 at the Consulate when she plans to travel to the U.S.

Can h1b transfer be applied for unused H1B approval, when outside US, without paystubs and I94?

Technically the petition is not H-1B "transfer." It will be a fresh H-1B petitioned in your behalf. Once approved you can seek H-1B visa if your...

My ex-husband and I were married for two and a half years, we recently got divorced. Will it affect me getting a green card?

Were you granted a conditional green card or a permanent green card?

Can I change employer and transfer PD ?

Should be OK as long as you continue to maintain status.

Process for amendment of name for approved H1B

Bring it up with the company's immigration attorney. They can get the error corrected.