Extension of B2 visa more than 12 months in one stay?

Mother is compelled by the circumstances you mentioned to apply for a second I-539.

Answer "yes' and specify that you have been Retired as of a certain date.

"Adjustment of status" for family based immigration visa, while legally present in USA on H1B

Your case/situation needs to be discussed/analyzed in a confidential manner during a consultation.

I agree. Withdraw only when AOS granted - resist any pressure to do so before. It is never safe to travel with AP.

I am in reinstatement process for my F1 student visa and SEVIES won't extend my I-20?

Have your DSO look at this. We here don't know anything about your case.

Can I travel to the US Virgin Islands?

You could travel if fly direct, non stop, both ways.

Immigration form I-944: Evaluation of Equivalency for foreign education?

I don't think USCIS will challenge you if you don't provide equivalency report.

Pending Asylum and Visa Lottery Winner, What Now?

In all likelihood you are no longer maintaining valid NIV status. Consequently if wish to pursue DV can only do so from abroad.

Request to see a copy of that RFE Don't try to check it online.

No, since you are not currently in valid NIV status.