1 year from discovery. Consult with experienced malpractice attorneys. Note, a nick may or may not be malpractice.

It is likely beyond the statute of limitations. Consult with experts in malpractice statute of limitations, for your facts, to confirm.

You would have to file a lawsuit, so you need an expert. In any event, the insurance company would not likely settle if you have no expert.

For purposes of wrongful death actions based on medical malpractice, the § 340.5 limitations period runs from the date of the victim's death—i.e.,...

Even for known complications or if consent, if the harm was caused by breaches of the standard of care, there can be a malpractice case.

Consult with experienced malpractice / collection defense attorneys.

It depends on how the misrepresentations were made.

Unless you agreed to pay the loan, or pay for the vehicle, you have no obligation to pay.

You can negotiate the amount they will pay.

Consult with experienced malpractice attorneys before doing anything. You have a right to depositions taken in your civil case.