Write to the company, explain the situation and ask for a one-time late fee waiver.

You can sue for the amount due and attempt to claim damages for the reporting.

Put your demand to stop the garnishment in writing to the debtor.

You need to review the specific rules and requirements for each small claims court.

You will not go to jail. If they sue, you have a defense. There are other issues and it may be worthwhile to consult with an attorney.

The contract dictates how they can accept payment. You can contact the corporate office who might be able to assist.

The lawyer needs to refund all of the unearned monies. For the time the attorney worked on the case, those fees might not be subject to refund.

You need a labor and employment attorney. Use the Avvo search tool to find an attorney. https://www.avvo.com/find-a-lawyer

By stipulation or court order. The Judge will be annoyed at your ex if an order is required.

It is possible and many factors might allow it. But the basics for community property division is 50-50%.