If the priority date is available, and she does not seek to acquire status, then she may eventually age out.

Yes, every marriage based green card requires the U.S. petitioner to file an I-864 affidavit of financial support.

A reentry permit will work for two years, and perhaps you can get it extended once, but not more. If you have truly departed the U.S. for over 180...

Yes, you can and should include volunteer work. You could argue that these were not employers if they did not control your hours or wages, but...

If you were allowed to depart and return on an F1, then you must not have been subject to any unlawful presence bar.

Yes, you should truthfully answer as you have suggested and also have a certified court disposition of the charges.

You should expect to be sent to secondary inspection until you are a US citizen. You can try to reason with them to save themselves time and make...

Yes, that is tantamount to withdrawing the visa. You will likely have to start from scratch and you will have to rebut the evidence they now have...

If you want to argue with them, you might win. You could also try to apply for a corrected LPR card and avoid having to argue.

The focus will be both on your underlying I-130 eligibility, and your qualifications for adjustment of status.