If one has not been issued, it probably will not be issued.

It should not prevent them from returning to the U.S.

Its not a problem. The other lawyer can indicate on the form that he or she is not the primary representative so should not be any issue.

There is no set amount of time. More likely, if you have not yet had an interview, you will simply go into the line waiting for an interview in...

If he is self employed, get a letter from his accountant showing his income. See a lawyer if you need help.

One would have to review the court papers from Sweden to know the answer.

Maybe. It depends on his entire immigration history as well as how you will be paying for his medical treatment.

They might accept it. Or else why don't you ask them to sign it in ink and email a scanned copy of it to you?

Perhaps. If you have, for example, a seasonal or agricultural job, or a job that requires a bachelor's degree or higher and he has the required...

Check with your bank in about three weeks for a cashed check.