if there is an interview and your daughter cannot attend, she will have to ask to reschedule it.

There is no rule against a permanent resident of the U.S. getting married, regardless of how the person became a permanent resident.

No, a receipt for a work permit can extend, in some categories, an existing work permit, if the extension is in the same category, filed timely,...

It's really hard to tell from your description. You should show someone what you filed and they can help you.

if you filed for concurrent employment, yes, you can do that.

CBP may or may not have a record of his departure. It is not possible to have a record of not departing.

You must initiate the process. Call CIS customer service and ask for an infopass.

Final degree in what? Request for what evidence? Are you asking about divorce procedures or immigration procedures?

CIS can request and hold the visa number from the prior month so it is not an issue.

Tell the officer at the interview. If you had the interview already you will simply have to wait and see if USCIS says it's a problem.