Is an interview for removing a condition on a green card common in FL (I751)?

An interview is often scheduled for removal of conditions.

A I-601 is not required for an overstay of authorized period of admission.

Can someone be deported if the case has just been filed and is currently being reviewed or in the process of filing?

Yes - merely filing a visa petition does not accord any status. Best if you discuss your options for obtaining status with an immigration attorney.

Do I need to file separate I-130 for my wife and daughter?

Unless your daughter is a citizen at birth, you need to file I130 for each.

How long before i receive any approval notice?

Your attorney is the one you should speak with.

Can the letter of completion given by my university, allow my petition to be filed under the Masters quota?

You will be permitted to file in the bachelor degree cap pool if you have a 4 year US bachelor's degree or foreign 4 year degree equivalent. If you...

Citizenship

To avoid more issues stemming from your marriage, consult directly with an immigration attorney before filing.

Though my extended H1-B expires Jan 2018, can it be transferred and extended until May 2019 based on approved I-140 ?

With an approved I140 an H1b may be extended.

How do I fix that mistake? Do I wait until the interview? Or Do I make an infopass and mention it to a USCIS officer?

you can try correcting by phone or letter. be prepared by bringing evidence that the hearing process has concluded to the interview and tell the...

Can I provide my most recent tax returns which are 2009, 2010, 2011 since I was overseas studying for 4 years?

Submit the most recent tax year 2014 or 2015 if you have already filed. If you do not have sufficient income, you need a co sponsor.