H1b Transfer in 9th year of h1b and PERM/I-140 with new employer

Work with yur employer's immigration attorney to resolve your questions and avoid issues.

The visa permits coming to the US and seek admission. The I-94 is given by CBP for the amount of time that is permitted in the US

Can I adjust status now with priority date earlier than March Cut Off Date

You may file for adjustment if the priority date is current. See the US Department of State visa bulletin to determine if current.

How can I get a U.S passport without the original U.S certificate of naturalization?

try contacting the passport office. If you are unable to resolve with passport office, file for duplicate Naturalization certificate. The process...

When you are 21 you may petition for your mother. At the present time the processing time takes about 6 to 12 months.

Yes change for J-2 to J-1 is permitted. If time is critical consider obtaining the J-1 outside the US at the consulate.

Yes you may file a new one assuming your spouse has remained in H-4 status. No premium process available for EAD.

What are the current expected time lines for the physical and interview steps of obtaining a green card for the spouse of a US c

most are about 6 months sometimes longer

Who is the requester of form i-912?

The person filing for adjustment of status is the requester on the fee waiver.

How long does it takes for filling green card application? And what are the documents needed to submit for adjustment of status?

Each attorney has their own time period for preparing and filing. It depends on the office.