You may apply as soon as you are married and registered. Bring substantial evidence of the relationship with you to the interview including...

From the information you provided it appears your mother assuming she is a United States citizen may petition for her adopted child. There may be...

Applying mom’s B2 visa extension

Unfortunately your mother is now an overstay. If she over stays for 180 days or more she may be subject to a bar on returning to United States....

Yes you may change from OPT to TN. Once you have an approved TN you are no longer eligible for OPT. You may apply forTN in the United States or at...

Prima facie ? For Vawa

A prima facia determination is usually made within 3 to 6 months but may take longer. Yes you may request it.

Green Card Interview?

You cannot be granted resident status before the final date however the interview may be completed at any time.

How long does it take to get PR card once you land in Canada as a new immigrant?

You will need a valid visa and passport to return to United States. Consider the tourist visa B-2 among others.

Marriage Based Immigration?

It is recommended that you maintain status throughout the process if at all possible but it is not required.

Can one apply for extension of H-1B with an old (about-to-expire) passport while new passport application is pending at embassy?

A valid passport is required to be valid for the length of the stay +6 months beyond.

Your personal travel outside the United States does not impact the H1B visa issuance.