I am planning to visit bahamas in November and My H1B visa is valid till Jan-2019. I will be filing my H1B extension soon.?

You will probably be readmitted for the same duration, however, CBP has the authority to alter.

What is the best thing to do?

You are likely to be questioned about the discrepancy and should be prepared with documentation oof correct name and to explain the discrepancy or...

Query regarding my spouse travel from india to USA on H4

Your spouse should obtain a visa based on the approved transfer H-1B

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Can I go for an international travel when my STEM application is still pending?

To return to the US you must have maintained status in the US and return with a valid passport, visa and eligibility to resume status. EAD...

H1 transfer prior to approval?

H-1B status is needed to transfer, from H-ib employer to another employer.

EAD 2018

If eligible about 4 months after properly filing. Is a home resident requirement attached to the J status you held?

What Principal Current Status means?

The principal is the L-1 status holder the other family members on L-2 are derivatives.

If I can file for u918 as I was defrauded by two people in the USA ?

Probably does not qualify. Consider an extension of the B

A US citizen is not required to have a passport except when traveling abroad.

Can I re-enter the US while my OPT application is pending after finishing degree requirements ?

with valid status, passport and visa it is likely you will be readmitted but keep in mind everything you cross the border you are subject to...