Can I agree to letting them out of the lease IF AND ONLY IF I find a new roommate? I would, of course, give at least 30d notice

You can do this. Just be very clear about the conditions you agree to release tenant from his obligations and put it in writing.

Where does the deceased brothers 3rd go...the 2 surviving heirs or his widow?

I agree with Attorney Jay. Check the will! Wills often have complicated language so contact an attorney if you need help interpreting it.

Can I legally be told to vacate my home with 2 days notice?

No he cannot. By cutting off the power your landlord is attempting to illegally evict you using self help. Contact the police.

Do we have any rights? Or do we have to move out right away?

You do not have to leave until after your landlord wins a case against you in your local District Court and is granted possession. Possession means...

What are my options regarding breaking my lease with least minimal penalties to purchase another house?

Review your lease agreement and see what it says regarding your options for termination. Consider contacting an attorney to review your lease if...

If we can file a chapter 9 bankruptcy asap, will this delay the eviction process?

You need to contact a bankruptcy attorney right away. I've tagged your question as Bankruptcy so Bankruptcy attorneys can answer.

Do we have to give his mom a 30 day notice even if she is not contributing in paying rent and we are tenants ourselves?

She's partially right. You and your husband can't just throw her out, you do have to go through the court system. A tenant holding over action...

Is there a way to end my lease in May without be subjected to June rent as that is technically the 7th month?

Your lease is not mistaken. It's in writing and it is what both you and your landlord are bound to. You owe for the entire month of June unless...

He doesn't need a license to sue you. Not all causes of action require for him to be licensed. So it depends on what this landlord is trying to...

Am I responsible for the rent on the renewal? The lease states that the start date of that contract is 8/1/16

I agree with Patrick. Check your leases termination clause it should tell you what you need to do to terminate your lease. If you need additional...