I agree with the other attorneys' excellent answers.

My student loans have been in garnishment for several years... should I rehabilitate?

If they are federal student loans, contact the William D. Ford Program or look at the PAYE program.

Is there a time limit to collect old debts, will I ever be exempt from legal action? ie medical bills and cell phone bills?

This is a multi-faceted question with many different answers. Bad debt can be reported as a trade line on your credit for 7 years. You can...

Chase never prosecuted a case from 2011, they claim they ceased litigation, but its still active in BX county. Is it closed?

Unless the case has been dismissed, it has not been ended.

No, it is not. As noted by others, there are restrictions on how long you have to cash it that are significantly shorter than the statute of...

Is a Judgment from a debt collectable from an IRA?

Other than the IRS, creditors cannot go after your IRA.

In CA if you file Bankruptcy can your IRA become attached?

Other than the IRS, creditors cannot go after your IRA.

I had a forclosure 7 years ago. I asked for a short sale and they would not do it. The property was bought in Florida but I

"Can they?" They already have. You should speak with a local consumer protection attorney. Richard Nemeth is good.

I settled my medical bill with the collection agency.

I agree with Mr. Hemert's excellent answer.

Can I get help to negotiate with the bank on my delinquent mortgage payments to avoid losing the home?

A bankruptcy might be an option. Speak with an experienced local attorney.