I filed a race discrimination complaint with the EEOC

No. They have the legal right to dispute your claim for unemployment benefits. Calling it retaliation would violate their rights.

What is the best course of action for a NYC charter school teacher to get legal representation?

No best way. Try the AVVO search tab for an employment lawyer in your area.

How long is the tape? No reason to believe it would slow an attorney down more than a few hours.

Terminated from Work without warning

Maybe, depending on what you complained about and whether you can prove that was the reason you were fired.

Can I collect unemployment now that my ltd benefits have ended?

You can apply, but I don't believe you are eligible after 6 months from the last day you actually worked.

In general, unless it was intentional, probably not. But if the amount is large, I recommend you consult an attorney to evaluate your situation.

Whether you are right or wrong, when you are a new hire, being argumentative with your boss usually leads to losing the job.

We would like to file a Wrongful Termination ?

Even if you learn where you should file the lawsuit, you need to know which court. In NYC you can file in US District Court, NYS Supreme Court,...

Can a job cut my pay if my position got eliminated?

Yes. The only law is that you be paid at least minimum wage and overtime, if any. Of course, you can refuse and tell them you want to return to...

I accepted job offer and left after 1 day, am I eligible to still collect Unemployment Insurance?

Probably not without a hearing. But you should apply. Get a note from your doctor to support your application for unemployment benefits. Good luck.