She does not need a green card to apply, but there are lots of rules. A lawyer is always your best bet.

I wouldn't stop anything while they are processing. You haven't received a benefit yet for either.

if she isn't going to follow through, you may have a VAWA claim.

I've done a lot of TLC cases, the commission will want proof of everything that happened in the case. It's very important your criminal defense...

It's processing. Sometimes it's quick, sometimes it's super slow. Once you qualify, applying for citizenship could speed it up.

Depends on the program and visa stamp. You should consult with an attorney.

Depends on the reason the officer denied the citizenship. Would need to see the denial.

VAWA through a US Citizen 3 years. If it was a green card holder/non citizen, it would be 5 years.

It depends on your conviction and case. There are ways to fix conviction issues. You should definitely consult with an attorney.

You should be if he applied before you were 21. Time waiting while application is filed but pending won't count against you normally.