I-140, and I-485 for myself and my spouse pending. Can I request to change my last name?

Well, I am a bit confused how you guys got married after you filed your case as a dependent of his case. To change the name: you will need either...

Yes, your applications will be decided separately.

Can I apply for a green card for my mother and sister and have them both be approved at the same time?

Not immigrant visas, unfortunately.

How can I verify my visa revocation?

Your visa might be revoked. You need to work with an attorney who may place proper inquiries for you.

Is there anything I can do when the application for TPS EAD in USCIS is pending for more than four months?

There is not much you can do at this time. Many people are in the same boat, unfortunately.

It all depends on what exactly is happening in your case. Check with your attorney.

Yes, since your status depended on his status. In practice sometimes, USCIS does not go after the dependents, but these days, they very well may.

I need a certified copy of my original naturalization certificate for Social Security. I misplaced the original.

If you need an original, you will have to apply for it and pay the fee.

Will Staying outside USA for than 11 months create problem in getting citizenship?

Probably yes: your application will be denied if it is filed before you meet all the requirements.

I do not think you will be able to do anything except for re-applying. It is really not an Immigration benefit.