You as the petitioner must establish proof of identity and ability to petition for your wife such as BC and status in US.

Depends on whether an interview will be scheduled in your case.

It will take time due to extensive Covid backlogs. Contact the embassy for guidance.

This should not impact your application for asylum but best to have an attorney review your entire case.

You should try to obtain a I551 stamp in your passport with proof of filing renewal GC.

Yes once you have advanced parole through AOS filing.

Your friend should consult with an attorney for guidance.

This shouldn’t be an issue and can be corrected at time of interview.

You will not be able to adjust the DS260 after submission but can reach out to NVC through their webpage to inquire.

Very difficult to say with current climate of Covid delays and backlogs. Contact consulate directly for further guidance.