Yes, you can apply for asylum if you have fear of returning to your home country. Speak with a lawyer to review your immigration history.

Send a letter to USCIS asking to withdraw your asylum application.

This largely depends on whether you were admitted or paroled into the US. If yes, then yes, you can file the 485. If no, then you'd have to go...

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Submit an online inquiry with the NVC letting them know that you're going to adjust. Then just file the 485.

Try submitting an online inquiry on USCIS's website: https://egov.uscis.gov/e-Request/Intro.do You can also try calling them or even setting up...

We would have to know a lot more about what happened with the asylum claim. Was it still at USCIS? Was it in court? Did they receive a removal...

File the 130 as soon as possible. If your wife has any health issues, she can try for humanitarian parole.

If USCIS denies your 751, they might send you to court. If you leave with pending deportation proceedings, you'll automatically get a removal...

Short term, you can look into humanitarian parole. Long term, there's the possibility of your fiancee adjusting then petitioning her mother.

You're still a permanent resident. Keep that up to date. Unless they found fraud, you're fine. Just re-file the N400 but provide more evidence next...