Can my mom be forced to pay for something she didn't sign?

Send the collection agency a certified letter asking them to verify the debt (and leave your mother alone). If they continue to contact her call...

Where do I need to file my small claims suit?

John is correct. The proper venue is provided by California law, the parties cannot agree to file suit in an improper venue. Based on the facts...

I filed a complaint and the defendant hired an attorney who served an answer by mail to me but the attorney himself signed

Yes.

What options do I have if an out of state customer just wouldnt pay up his invoices?

Yes, you can hire an attorney in the state where the company does business to sue it.

I invested $200K in a Co that has since changed names and refuses to carry my shares over to the new Co. Same owners, new name.

You should contact a local litigation attorney who will meet with you, review your documents and give you an honest assessment of your...

Am I wrong for withholding the amount of payments made thus far as leverage to encourage a settlement of the dispute?

Your question is whether you can "hold onto the second 15K" to leverage a release. The short answer is, "yes." However, there may be negative...

In California which dba legal liabilities are applicable

Yes. The "dba" is merely a name used by the corporation. For all intents and purposes, they are one and the same.

My partner owes me an estimated 100,000, 50, 000.00 of which he took an early draw/ the other for taxes I paid.

Depending on your partner's financial condition, you might be able to find an attorney to take this case on a contingency basis.

PERSONAL INJURY - DOES AN ATTORNEY TYPICALLY MAKE A CASE PRESENTATION TO THE INSURANCE CO BEFORE FILING A LAWSUIT IN COURT ?

Attorneys typically try to settle personal injury cases before filing a lawsuit. Once the lawsuit gets filed, defense attorneys get involved...

If your friend really was a BFP (you don't provide any facts to support your conclusion that he was, in fact, a BFP) the dealers and finance...