how should i structure my counter offer

I'd recommend you provide an attorney will all the documents and have them draft a counter.

Does this individual have a legitimate claim to my property.

He won't get any squatter's rights unless he paid all the property taxes - and did this for many years. Check the property tax records. :)

How do I delete my name from a business LLC and business license.

Yes - you need to file effectively board of directors minutes to amend your articles. Then file the amended articles with the California Secretary...

The Grant Deed is granted to John Doe OR Jim Doe. So, if Jim Doe dies, can his heirs inherit his half of the oil well?

They can (assuming no other applicable agreements) if the grant deed shows them holding the property as "joint tenants" and not "tenants in...

Your Articles of Incorporation - or your Buy/Sell Agreement - will have a clause that addresses this. It will likely say: "The shares must first...

Will I get my percentage of loan proceeds?

The proceeds would go to the seller - likely the partnership - unless by "partner" you mean "other lender". Did you partner provide the 1st loan...

Is there any down side (ie valuation) now or down the road in having corp issue me majority of shares at $1/share

There are many issues with deciding the number of shares to authorize and par value of each. Tax issues as well as potential future legal issues....

My business partner cheated me

I agree with my colleagues. You need to hire an experienced business attorney immediately and have them carefully review your situation. ...

How do you keep your landlord honest & prevent them from creating a BS excuse to keep part of deposit bc of personal resaons

There are two ways: 1) take them to small claims and threaten triple damages (painful - as you note). 2) Don't pay the last month. When the...

Do I need a lawyer?

Yes - you need an attorney. First - to draft a demand letter laying out your request for compensation. Your attorney would likely start asking...