Can an undocumented person travel domestically w/ a national passport (that has no visas inside) or w/ a Guatamalan Consular ID?

This could be risky. He need to consult with a lawyer regarding obtaining legal status.

My boyfriend and I of 10 years are getting married and he is undocumented

He does not need to wait. Once married, he can file the I-130 and I-601A waiver.

Hello My asylum case is pending i apply for work authorization after 150 days

Should have been approved. Speak to a lawyer who can assist you.

Can I Get An F-1 Student Visa If I Have An I-140 Petition Approved??

Sure, since the F-1 is a nonimmigrant visa.

Can you get a green card based on extraordinary achievements or abilities if you are an asylum seeker?

This is complicated since it depends on a few factors, such as when and if you accrued unlawful presence. You need to consult in person with a...

My question is related to I-589, asylum application.

You should speak to your lawyer since your lawyer has all of the details of your case. You need proof to support your case.

What do you mean by "change"? You should personally consult with a lawyer regarding any changes to your case.

Refugees Travel document ?

It will take months so speak to a lawyer.

Is it possible to get a travel document and travel to a third country while my case is in asylum pending?

You need to speak with an experienced immigration attorney since there are many issues.

In my asylum interview the officer after interviewing called my wife and kids for questioning?

It has happened before. Consult with an experienced immigration attorney regarding the details of this case.