She will need to become a citizen first, before you can adjust status. Please have an experienced immigration attorney assist you with your case...

There is no premium processing. USCIS may expedite a petition or application if it meets one or more of the following criteria: •Severe...

My colleague is correct. Seek the counsel of an immigration lawyer ASAP. There is no way around it

Depends whether you file the asylum application prior to the expiration of the I-94 and your case is not referred to the Immigration Court.

Sounds like a a frivolous asylum application as stated above.

They apply for asylum at the port of entry on the Mexico-US border as stated above.

Impossible for anyone to know why there is an issue in your case. Please have a private consultation with an immigration attorney.

You should not take the cruise since you can risk abandoning your asylum case.

You need to submit an amended I-589 with your wife's informaiton. The process is complicated so please consult with an attorney first.

You can still apply for the green card based on the asylum.