L1 Extension while COS is in progress

You should perhaps consult the attorney of the new company.

Yes it's possible and file again but perhaps working through the RFE may also get the desired result.

Your friends should consult an immigration attorney directly.

How does the executive order ban on the 7 countries effect I-130.

The ban temporarily suspends action on such cases. The latest Court order stays the ban but for how long and to what extent is unknown.

I am a US Citizen and was married in Egypt. Is my marriage legal here in New Yor State?

Yes it is legal in NY or anywhere else.

I'm in OPTEAD, i would like to know what would be my best option to continue my job, an extension /H1B or H4 EAD

A lot more facts are needed. Please consult an immigration attorney for detailed advice.

Can I travel outside of United States as a Green Card holder? Do I stand a risk of being denied entry?

Yes you may travel. Check closer to date of travel as well.

Can I apply for an Adjustment of Status after marriage on a B2 visa?

Yes it is possible to do so. It will be better to work with an immigration attorney to manage this successfully.

Can I travel outside United States as a Green card holder? Do I stand the risk of being denied reentry?

It should be ok. Check closer to the date of travel as well.

Can we move on to a new employer after 6 years of H1B if we have active approved I-140 with the previous employer?

Yes it may be possible to switch employers in your case. You should consult an immigration attorney to discuss the facts.