The money manager of my partnership in flipping houses with myself and another investor kept all proceeds on the last deal.

The statute of limitations for a written contract is 4 years, 2 years for oral. You may also be able to sue for fraud. A full consultation...

Yes, an employer can do this, although it is not common.

No, a former employer is not required to do this.

Can I sue my attorney? I gave him $260 to reopen my bankruptcy case last year and it is still closed as of today.

You may have a claim for malpractice. Consult with a legal malpractice attorney.

"Instant" when used in this sense just means "this" or "current" motion that is being addressed.

Will a judge typically continue a case management conference if there is a demurrer on calendar?

Typically yes. Depends on the specific judge though.

Branding company and trademark infringement

It would really depend on the exact wording of the disclaimer. A full consultation would be necessary to properly advise you.

Do I need an employment lawyer?

No, you don't have any sort of viable claim here.

Defendants fails to answer special interrogatories

You need to file a Motion to compel to get responses to these interrogatories.

How can I get Real Estate Brokerage Firm to issue all my commission checks to the Corporate Name.

Your broker is right. You need to get your corporate brokerage license.