Partnership agreement states I have 35% profit and my partner has 65% in a restaurant he wishes to open

You need a partnership agreement. A full consultation would be necessary to properly advise you.

How can I get my job back

Assuming that you are an at-will employee, no, this would not be an unlawful termination and unless your employer wanted to voluntary take you...

Can a defendant file for a motion requesting a summary judgement? And if so, how easy is it to try to do on my own?

If what you are saying is true, yes, you can file a Motion for Summary Judgment here based on the statute of limitations. You can certainly try...

Can your employer fire you over your car appearance?

Assuming that you are an at-will employee, yes, you can be fired for this reason.

Assuming that you are an at will employee, yes, you can be terminated for this reason.

Can I be hired as an independent contractor but required to work out of the office daily?

It sounds like that you may be misclassified, so your employer does not have to pay any employment taxes.

do I have a case for wrongful termination

Assuming that you are an at-will employee. no this would not be a wrongful termination. Hopefully your dog is OK.

Can I get suspended for not pushing a donation

Assuming that you are an at-will employee, yes, you can be suspended for this reason.

Does slander in the workplace fall under Defamation of character?

Yes, this can constitute defamation. You should report it to HR or your supervisor.

Can a seller be sued

Yes, the seller can be sued, assuming she is not complying with her obligations under the Purchase Agreement.