When would I get a response from a I-765 application?

You haven't received it because it takes up to 4 months for it to be approved and issued.

The Consulate will cancel the B-2 when they issue the F-1. So yes, you will need to reapply later if you want another B-2.

Can I apply for extension of stay on my B2 visa while I tidy up getting admission into a college here in the US.

Sure you can apply, but there is no guarantee it will be approved in time for you to change status to F-1. Or that the extension will be long...

Can i use any of the 2 approved i140s?

Sounds like the type of complex question that should be discussed with C's attorney after full review of your case.

If you were granted a green card less than 2 years ago, your record was considered "clean". Whatever happened when you were a kid, it wasn't...

I am currently under my mom's E2 visa and I am going to start school soon and I want to change to a student visa

Generally yes, if you are in status, but why do you want to do that? Are you turning 21? If not, you may be better off on the E-2, esp. with regard...

Can I reapply for a green card through marriage with USA green card holder after surrendered my green card 12 yrs back?

It's possible, but the reasons behind the abandonment, esp. tax reasons, will be scrutinized. Make sure you retain an attorney.

Response after Biometrics? I-485

You will get your work permit 3-4 months after filing, rather 4 than 3, and that's if there's no problem. AOS in LA takes at least 6 months, again...

Is this considered a real application ? for political asylum ?

A better idea would be to hire an attorney to review your application.

If you don't have a DL or ID from your State of residence, this may raise a flag. Apply for one ASAP, so you have at least you will have a receipt...