Why wasn't I issued a hearing date?

You do need a lawyer. If kids are involved its even more important.

Is this a valid case? (Civil court)

There is definitely a claim against the roommate but good luck making it work! Get off any Utilities ASAP ! The former roommate may or may not have...

Do I have to filed a response to an objection for a continuance?

You can file a reply to the objections...keep it short!

Why do insurance companies take too long to pay out AND pay less than they should?

It's what they do. Ask for a written explanation of benefits in writing. If that doesn't work get a lawyer on an agreed fee to get an answer.

Can an automobile insurance company send a past due amount to a collections agency?

Short answer... Yes. Make sure you weren't shorted by the employer. You may be able to negotiate a lower amount with the collection agency because...

Ex - has relocated to a different country - stopped all child support payments and medical insurance for children

You should definitely get to court ASAP and ask for relief. You may be able to change the decree but you probably won't be able to enforce anything...

Signed a unlawful detainer stipulation & judgement but was never given the copy by my lawyer. It was emailed to me & I printed.

Sadly, this is going to happen. Your signature on the stipulation and judgment eliminates any real chance at challenging this. You need to focus...

Possibly. Public Adjuster's are typically paid a percentage of money they recover on your behalf. If the Public Adjuster has been paid for services...

How will the court or the district attorney no if you recieved the subpeona if it was mailed in the mail

It would not survive where I practice unless you signed for. Better ask a local lawyer 59 be safe.

Is it necessary to change your maiden name for insurance purposes?

The marriage certificate should suffice. I have never heard of any such requirement.