You mention you are not aware of the laws of Colorado. Engage a lawyer who probably is.

How long can an attorney put off arraignment in a felony assault charge?

Speedy trial is reset every time your lawyer asks for a continuance, or doesn't object to a continuance asked by the prosecutor.

What should I do

If the case involves domestic violence -- not necessarily actual violence but a charge in which the alleged victim is someone with whom you've...

These are the witnesses the opposing party may call at trial or hearing.

What are my options regarding a careless driving charge?

Unlikely the prosecutor will drop the charge, but typically a two-point reduction will be offered if there was no injury involved.

Can someone other that the owner of property retrieve property from my home with a keep the peace assist/order?

You certainly shouldn't open your house to her when you are unable to be present, and it sounds to me like the best thing to do is ask her to get a...

Do I need to go to court or can I just pay the fine?

Call the clerk of the court and ask. Do it as soon as possible, or any pay-by-mail option may lapse.

Can I get a deferred sentence with a speeding ticket?

I've never seen it happen, but I hope other lawyers have.

Me, I'd do everything I could think to do, short of informing on her to police. Fathers ought not play cop.

How can I get a hold of the prosecutor to let them know that I falsely accused my ex-boyfriend of domestic violence?

The way to make it right is to tell the truth, but you'd better prepare to engage a lawyer if you plan to confess to a false report.