In a divorce case without children, how can a judge divide property when one side doesn't provide any financial documents?

Consult with an attorney. Judge made a decision based on what was presented to him according to the laws and rules of our courts.

Don't be too worried about being served with papers. If someone is going to sue you it is best to know about it up front. When papers are served...

Is it reasonable to include in a divorce petition that the woman I married "deceived" me about her mental health issues?

Lots of warning signs here that this is not a DIY case. Get help.

What do I do if someone claimed my daughter

Is this a tax issue? If so, "claiming" goes to whoever can prove 50%+ of providing for the child. If that does not apply to you then you are out...

Can myself (father) become the Custodial Parent after divorce?

Yes, there is a chance, depending on a lot of factors. Sounds like you have more than enough reason to invest a bit of time in consulting with a...

What can I tell my employer to remain employed after serving 3 months in jail?

You aren't protected by any statutes from being terminated. Jail is not quite the same as jury or military duty.

What are my odds of getting temporary orders?

Shocking that you would not have an attorney handling this for you.

What does "We are unable to effectively communicate with each other substantively not in regards to the medium. Mean?

This needs to be re-tagged as Criminal Defense

Is adultery against the law in the state of Texas?

Texas does not recognize adultery as a crime. Law enforcement is not going to get involved. Divorce courts can possible use adultery as a way to...

We are in the process of our custody case and ex cancelled child support check.

Knowingly passing a bad check has its own set of legal implications outside of your CS case. You should have an attorney helping you with this....