As tenants, don't we have rights when we and our property is damaged?

In Texas, you don't have a right to withhold rent, but you can ask for reimbursement. If they fail to reimburse, you can sue in small claims...

I'm renting a house and the tree that was in the yard fell in my car and total it the landlord was aware of the tree being dead

The landlord. Hopefully there is liability insurance on the house.

IF I PUT 3000 NONREFUNDABLE ON A LEASE/OPTION TOBUY

No. You should have checked on value before you gave them the money.

I was notified of a Mechanics lien being placed on my home. How can I be confident the lien will be expunged?

The contractor needs to sign a release of the Mechanic's Lien before a notary, then that signed release is filed in the county records (you would...

What does a short sell mean?

Short sale means that the house sells for less than is owed on it and the lender will accept that lesser amount and release the lien. For example,...

Can someone be restrained from ever coming back on someone's property for threats of violence against landlord & others, etc.?

Check with your local law enforcement. They will have the answer.

They are no longer the tenant, thus it is trespassing. Contact your local law enforcement to make a complaint.

Ex. quit claimed house to me 9-'12 . Who gets to claim the mort int? We split pymts til then; I made pymts until it sold 12-'12.

You should check with your CPA. This is an IRS question. You can also go to IRS.gov and talk to an agent.

What qualifies a person as a resident in a community?

Check with the rules of the community - there may be a definition in the regulations. If you disagree with the definition, you should consult a...

I live in a development with an owners ass. I was living on my lot in a large camper. they made me move over Christmas.

Technically, yes. You should contact the Association to see why you are being treated differently.