What can I do to fight this in court? Can he sue me for his negligence?

Hopefully you took photos and have witnesses. Litigate if you like but settle if you can.

Naturalization for adopted children

Sounds like the other attorneys have answered this sufficiently.

Can a 17 year old male move out of the home of his guardians and legally move into another with his friend and there parents?

This question arises two times a week. Until you are eighteen you are considered a minor.

Am I still entitled to that money and could I sue?

Difficult case because an oral contract is unreliable. Litigation if you like but it may cost more than the reward. Settle if you can.

Can I recover the the money that was loss due to missed business opportunities and having to borrow from family to pay my bills.

Unlikely. Perhaps their contract would provide for that condition but I doubt it. At the end of the day reliance on that manner of payment wasn't...

Is there anything from a personal Injury standpoint that i can do? and if so, and you know all about it.. are you for hire?

Research the item for other litigation. If there are other claims perhaps there is a class action lawsuit you can join.

Hire counsel and let them handle the matter. It's unlikely you would get the same result without one.

Should I file taxes as "single" or "married but filing separately".?

You may choose whatever election you want so long as you qualify. Seek help from an accountant or tax return preparing agency.

Is he still liable? Can they sue him for remaining balance?

Yes he will be sued for the contract amount if you can't settle the claim.

That does not sound like an issue that may be expunged.