Given these conditions, should probate take long?

Probate is only effective for property left in a person's name alone. If grandmother had no property in her name alone I don't see a need to open...

How can I obtain a Certified copy of my deceased father's Will?

Was the home just in his name alone on his date of death? If so, you need to open a probate estate. Otherwise I don't see why a real estate...

How can i save the house by putting it in my name or someone else beside the city.

Not enough info to give a good answer. Are you trying to avoid some sort of medicaid lien claim? If so, I would not do anything without counsel's...

When do probate issues become criminal?

You need to hire a good attorney and show him/her the documents that support your arguments.

Can I make a claim against a Will that has not gone to Probate?

You need to retain counsel and officially request a copy of the Will. Then you need to have the atty see about the efficacy of the prenup versus...

What would the division of assets be (the two properties in his name alone the wife helped pay off)

As counsel suggested, it depends. You really need to ask the counsel who are handling the probate matters.

Does my mother have to probate these assets? If not, would the receipts be valid as a cost basis for capital gains/losses?

The only way to truly know the answer to these questions is to present all the facts, the certificates, receipts, etc to counsel who can review...

Can incarcerated individuals be an heir? And do spouse's along with their children each receive separate inheritance payments?

The big issue here is, as counsel has pointed out, the order of succession. A good local probate atty can sort these matters out for you as well...

What is my next step in finding out where she is and can they keep me away from my mother.

Is he her guardian under probate jurisdiction? If so, I believe you can check the court file and see where she is placed/they are paying bills. ...

You need to ask your atty who represents you in the probate matter what he or she thinks should be done.