The fact that CBP did not have your records or made a mistake before does not show that you are admissible. If you have a conviction, you may...

In my opinion, while it should not be considered fraud since you committed an error of law, in fact they will deem it to be fraud.

Usually CIS requires you to come in not more than a week or two before the stamp expires, and not before.

Perhaps you filed it before the judge terminated proceedings so CIS may have denied the application before and now reopened it.

Anyone can file an application for a tourist visa. The reason for denial is generally that the person cannot prove that the applicant does not...

I have definitely seen CBP refuse entry to people who filed for asylum, even if they got new visas abroad and even if they returned many times.

Generally a person is permitted to be in the U.S. for the duration of his pending I-485 application.

Your spouse cannot be approved for adjustment of status if the visa is not yet available. Your spouse can be approved if you naturalize.

There is no rule against a person applying for adjustment of status to submit a sworn statement for another person.

If you have an unexpired passport and your receipt is not expired, then yes you can travel in and out of the U.S.