As long as you do not leave the U.S. you should be able to travel to Puerto Rico and back to the mainland USA.

You must be in the U.S. to file. The permit allows you to remain outside the U.S. for up to two years, without abandoning your permanent resident...

If you are not in the U.S., it will be very difficult for you to get custody of the child.

I suggest mailing them separately, or at a minimum, putting them in different envelopes.

If you leave the U.S. without advance parole, you will be abandoning your adjustment application. You will need a visa to return to the U.S. If...

Contact the U.S. embassy for assistance. Your spouse can also contact your senator or congressman.

There is no rule giving you any certain amount of time to leave the country.

This should answer both questions. If she leaves the U.S. the application gets denied as abandoned.

Cancellation means a visa that was previously approved, and was valid, gets cancelled before it expires. Refused means the consular post did not...

Contact customer service and request rescheduling. They will not, on their own, upload your fingerprints from overseas.