It looks like you have not maintained valid, nonimmigrant status. So, yes, a company can petition for you, and you can get the visa overseas.

Marriage does not change your immigration status. It does not violate your J1 visa status. Nor does it keep you in status if you are otherwise...

You are allowed to travel outside of the U.S. with a pending N-400.

Technically the answer is no, since the employer did not file for you but rather filed for your spouse.

Could be. If there was any USCIS finding you violated your status or if you worked without permission. Otherwise, a J1 is admitted for duration...

If you agreed to the certificate that everything was correct, you cannot realistically do anything to get it changed. If you want to change your...

No, you cannot work without a work permit even freelance.

Call USCIS customer service. Your case could be one of the many that got sent to federal storage at a facility that has no employees due to COVID.

Yes it is normal. USCIS will process the application wherever they deem appropriate.

Yes, you can still be granted removal of condition from your resident status.