From your inquiry one cannot tell what you are trying to do.

First, it is necessary to know if CIS will allow one to use the date for filing for May. Second, even if they do, generally the priority date...

If there is a lead applicant and derivatives, there can be no decision before the lead applicant. Otherwise, there can.

For employment based adjustment, up to 180 days unlawful presence is waived by 245(k). However you may still want to extend the R1 to avoid any...

Yes, you can. Perhaps you will want to bring proof you are showing up to work pursuant to the H1B.

Yes, you can be admitted to the U.S. with a green card and unexpired, foreign passport. Even if it will expire soon.

If you are eligible, you could certainly try. There are countless other options. You might qualify for an H1b, student visa, religious worker...

The F1 visa is for duration of status, it does not expire. If you have not maintained your F1 status, you cannot change to another status.

The waiver for good faith marriage ending in divorce does require that one be divorced.

If CIS has not granted our asylum application yet, you cannot file for adjustment of status as an asylee.