You could try changing status to that of a full time student, and continue going to school until the number becomes current.

The short answer to your question is no, it will not.

You will not get an RFE for proof of good faith marriage.

If you have a receipt, it should tell you the date you filed the I-130 application. The last action is the approval.

Could be. You never know what CIS may request.

Hard to guess. Perhaps your name is similar to another suspicious name. You could try to seek a traveler's redress. Or simply expect similar...

There is no standard fee. As a guess, from $500 to $10,000.

Check out the AC21 portability rules. You need to wait six months to port to a new employer.

One would have to read the request for evidence to see what needs to be corrected.

Filing an application to extend a student visa makes no sense, since a student is admitted for duration of status. But regardless, a student visa...