You wife might be issued the visa without interview, but it would make sense for the consulate to wait to issue her a visa until they determine...

Contact a refugee agency about sponsoring him. Generally you cannot be a refugee if you are living in your own country.

Adjustment as a child of a permanent resident requires you to be in lawful, nonimmigrant status. TPS would not suffice, but you may be able to...

Yes, you can try to port to a third employer even if you have an application to port to a second employer pending.

If you immigrated with your mother to the U.S. and she naturalized before you turned 18, you may be a derivative U.S. citizen.

Yes, the petitioner must file an affidavit of support in all family based petitions.

You can check your case here: https://acis.eoir.justice.gov/en/caseInformation/

Contact the warden of the detention facility to get it done.

Yes, your son can sponsor you to immigrate to the U.S. assuming he is living in the U.S. and has enough income to support you.

There is no harm to say yes, and to explain the individual was never admitted into the country but rather was in transit.