It is up to the government of Ghana what to do to fix your passport and you should contact them to deal with that issue.

This site is for U.S. immigration. You should contact a Canadian practitioner for help with Canadian immigration rules.

The true answer to your question is no, do not try to earn income by working, while you are an F2 spouse of a student.

Since the intent was to earn income from your business, it is very possible that this can be deemed unlawful employment. There are also arguments...

No, a pending I-130 does not extend one's lawful status in the U.S. so no, this is not a way to try to stay in the U.S.

Yes, if your application for employment authorization is approved, you are allowed to start working in the U.S.

While generally it is not recommended, I have had many clients do it without any problem, and naturalized without any issue so it's at your peril.

It seems to me that you cannot enter the U.S. on an H1b if you are not entering in order to work for the H1b petitioner.

You cannot circumvent the two year home residency rule, so you should plan to return to your country for two years.

If you are required to renounce your U.S. citizenship in order to attend medical school, then yes, you could lose your U.S. citizenship.