Can I use a company name on a product if I make it clear that I am not that company and that is not my logo?

It's not clear what you mean by "for the purposes of design". Assume that the only reasons that justify using another company's trademark are (1)...

Can I preclude others to patent my idea if I published it (youtube, website) under one of the CopyLeft licenses?

The above answer is a good one. Someone else who takes your invention can't patent it because they did not invent it. What you suggest is...

It is a complex situation and you should retain a trademark lawyer to evaluate all the facts. From what you say, it may not look good for you, but...

Can I buy books from a foreign country and sell them online in the US?

There is a huge market for counterfeit books that look so much like the real things it is hard to identify them. If we presume your facts are...

How do I ensure sole rights to my own patent?

Inventorship depends on the claims. One would need to look at each claim and ask if your named co-inventor came up with a material limitation...

The primary complaint is Copyright infringement, Does 28 U.S.C. § 1367 allow me to sue for defamation, fraud, etc. as well?

Read Rule 18. Best would be to retain a lawyer.

I got US Patent in 2009 but never maintained/paid fee. Can I revive it?

You need to revive the patent first. If possible it will be expensive. Retain a patent lawyer.

Does a patented limited invention prevent a broader invention from being patented?

Patents don't really work that way. To be allowable a patent claim must be new, useful and non-obvious. Laws of nature are not patent eligible. ...

Can I sue Facebook due to my 1st Amendment rights?

The First Amendment gives you the right to freedom of speech, religion and association as against government action. Facebook is a private company...

Domain name and trademark dispute

You should retain a trademark lawyer and have all the facts reviewed. There may be more than a domain name and apparently junior trademark use....