Here is what you need to file out to get a replacement: https://www.uscis.gov/n-565

What is the legal basis and your legal status to seek an ITIN?

You need to review your proposed answers in detail with an available immigration attorney of your choice prior to any submission.

It sounds that you could easily solve that legal issue by retaining a qualified immigration professional to handle your elaborate visa issues.

As long as the educational institution accepts you, you may study there while waiting for your adjustment of status.

Pay close attention: H-1B visa requires a qualified employer to petition the U.S. Government for its intended H1B Beneficiary foreign national by...

You need to update your I-589 and add your current spouse's I-589 along with her translated Birth Certificate (if she is a foreign national),...

Hard to say as you need to provide all documents listed within exact I-864 instructions.

You may also bring the copy of your old passport along with the passport renewal receipt. However, the interview may be re scheduled as well for...

Yes. The USCIS is reviewing the case and will issue its decision to the address on record once complete.