My brother all of a sudden says he was never paid - it has been over 22 hrs since my mother’s Will was probatedand I was the PR.

Please state your issue in the form of a question.

Can a hotel manager in Germany hold your passport if unable to pay your bill

Maybe. I doubt many people here will be familiar with German Law. Your friend should contact the US embassy.

Do I need to file an accident report to the police for my insurance company?

Probably not. But read the terms and conditions of your insurance agreement.

I just stayed at a hotel this weekend & my son got injured, can I Sue the hotel

Yes. You can probably sue. But just because your son can sue, does not mean he will receive significant amounts of money. Depends on his...

Uninsured vehicle rear ended me, small claims court?

Possibly. If you really want to force the issue, you could follow up with the cop that took your report. Google "Minnesota small claims court"....

-my apartment full of paint fumes from fresh painted apartment above me

Im assuming you want to know whether there is anything you can do about it. I would notify your landlord and ask them to put you up in a hotel for...

The typical practice is for each party to cover their half of mediation costs. Whether you can skip or not depends on the court you are in. Some...

What can I do?

Perhaps try both. A letter from a. Attorney may do the trick.

Can a text be used as an agreement to pay someone back?

Yes you can. If possible, bring your claim in small claims court.

If you lease a car, is there anyway to just "give the car back" if you still owe around $50,000?

Probably not. Although the car company probably has an obligation to mitigate their damages.