What rights do I have concerning a deceased persons estate as a common law partner?

This is a common dispute, and it will require legal action to enforce. I suggest you meet with an attorney immediately.

How fast can I get illegal garnishment back? What are my next steps?

Ok, so you want them to do something about it, but you won't comply with their requests for information? You should have been served with a copy...

Can a landlord sign a lease and deposit agreement with one tenant, a week later rent to another tenant, for the same property?

Of course she can. The question is whether you have any reason to sue her for breach of contract. I can't imagine it would be worth it, but it is...

Is there a time frame to serve a modification petition for custody?

You need to discuss this with your attorney. We are ethically barred from giving you any guidance other than that.

Most likely not. It doesn't even sound like it would be close.

Can they make your child support more than you can financially afford and still provide a place of your own for the children?

Afford is a relative term. And yes, many people claim that they cannot afford their child support and alimony.

Idle threats, without more, are generally not crimes.

If not can you explain why please?

One bank buying a note from another has nothing to do with what you've paid or not. Banks buy and sell notes all the time.

When a police officer approaches my vehicle do I have any rights

You have tons of rights. Do you want to narrow your question down just a smidge?

What will happen to my nephew probation once he takes the plea from his fed case?

These questions are best directed to his attorney. And no, these cases don't get thrown out. If he keeps blowing the probation, it's possible...