You may have a claim against the property owner of the tree that was blocking the stop sign, be it the city or a private owner, as they had a duty...

A friend borrowed my car, brought it back damaged, and advised me to lie and say I was driver, her DL suspended.

I agree with the other 2 responders. Let me add that assumming your friend really did hit a deer, or someone/something else, if you gave her...

I loaned my vehicle to my niece and her boyfriend and they where rearended the at fault person was driving rental car rented by

I am presuming you are most interested in repair of your vehicle and a rental if needed. Check your policy to see if you have collision and rental...

Can the plaintiff make the defendant pay him for a question asked?.

Not entirely sure what you mean by this. In what context? Generally speaking, if the case is in suit, opponnent needs to answer questions posed...