You complete the form online through CEAC platform.

Yes, but there is a long wait. It is best you explore other opportunities with an immigration lawyer.

Sponsor starts your application and is responsible for your residency.

I don't see why. Your mom application is individualized and your dad's conduct would not have a negative impact. Good luck.

It's ok for your spouse to travel abroad, with approved AP while AOS is pending. Do not forget to properly and timely submit RFE before your travel.

You have an extensive inquiry tha is best amenable to a private consultation with an immigration attorney. The consultation reduces errors capable...

You still have to complete Form I-864 with a zero income and get a qualified joint sponsor.

Contact any Indian embassy for their useful input to your inquiry.

This appears to be impermissible for a J-1 working outside the US.

Attorney Kawahara's assessment is correct!