For the purpose of your application, the issue date of birth certificate does not matter. No, the status of your father does not matter. Good luck.

Yes, if properly admitted with a valid with F-20 from school.

I agree with Attorney Holloway's approach regarding this question. If followed may eliminate all issues that may arise during your travel. Good luck.

Based on your age when your mom became a USC file N-600.

Yes via I-539 application and I-20. Good luck.

By a preparer, if you mean non lawyer, yes.

Answer "yes". As noted above this is not a disqualifying organization. Good luck

Yes, if your income falls below the threshold requirement, then you need a cosponsor.

It's wise to speak to an immigration attorney to look at your records, including wife, and discuss options. Good luck.

Your school DSO and the Consular guidance will provide additional details. Good luck.