I agree with the above answers. Additionally, for your question 2. you may write duration of status or D/S.

I see no harm with your observation. Apply for a timely extension of the I94 accordingly.

Take your USCIS RFE to the civil surgeon for review. The civil surgeon should update your I693 as necessary. At this point it is premature to...

At this point it appears you are almost exhausting your administrative remedies. You may consider bringing on board an experienced immigration...

Yes, you may file I765 for any age. It is not mandatory. As you correctly noted the I765 is not for employment per se, it is required by SS...

Short travels to Canada and Mexico are excepted, otherwise other travels constitute an abandonment of the extension request.

Granted it is a violation and not a crime, it may have immigration consequence. Consult an experienced immigration attorney for counsel.

Additionally, consult with DOS for travel advisory and update on conditions on the ground in your country or third countries.

In general, most doctoral thesis may be defended in a few hours. Confirm with your thesis committee chair and members.

It is best to check case status on USCIS website.