Terrible 16 hour experience with AAA and is there anything I could do about this situation?

You have no grounds to sue under these facts IMO.

Fairly common scam. They haven't contacted you again. Ignore them.

Will I get in legal trouble for being with my boyfriend?

Candidly, if you were trying to avoid any legal trouble you wouldn't be involved with a minor.

A lawsuit will cost of tens of thousands of dollars and has very little chance of success IMO.

Can I sue a non-practicing OBGYN for neglect?

IMO it is way too late to sue anyone for what happened.

You did the right thing. Best of luck.

This is a scam. Ignore it. Do not respond.

Can there be any repercussions for sending my daughter to her mother's with a phone she does not know about?

One repercussion is that when mom finds out she takes you to court for going behind her back and instructing the kid to lie.

If they move to chapter him, they will provide him with the opportunity to review the evidence against him, and meet with a military attorney (or...

Is it worth it?

It is unclear if you are saying they did not have insurance or you did not. If you had insurance, turn it over to them. If not, Consult with a...