You can file a suit in small claims court and let the judge decide.

As noted, any such claim is likely barred by the statute of limitations.

This is a site for U.S. law. You need to ask a solicitor in the UK.

Yes your parents can do so. A 21 year old man dating a 16 year old is likely a predator and your parents are looking out for your best interests.

People have a first amendment right to be racist jerks. IMO nothing to sue for.

I know of no basis for a lawsuit under these facts.

In most circumstances businesses are not liable for the acts of third parties on their premises.

You ask two completely different questions. Yes, the command can deny your request for a discharge. It is their call. As to what your drill...

The way a lawsuit is initiated is by the plaintiff hiring a lawyer to represent them.

The absence of the gun is meaningless.........