There is no way to know since no one here can know anything about your case. It could be closed in a couple months or it could be open for 2-3 years.

You don't and law enforcement won't act as your collector for a civil matter. Nothing in your post indicates it is a criminal issue. Your option is...

How can my former employer change the last date of my two week notice?

Your post is not clear at all, especially when you mention two week notice. When you quit, you quit on the spot. You might OFFER to work two more...

The legal system does not micromanage what an employer keeps in its files.

Can I file single chapter 7?

You can file alone. Whether you qualify for a chapter 7 is a different issue.

Can my stepfather have my moms name removed from the papers to the house they are buying without her consent?

"Papers?" Hard to answer if all you tell us is "papers." If they were buying a house together (again, not clear) why would she want to proceed...

Can I get compensated for time past court deadline that my ex did not get refinancing done?

Compensated for what, exactly?

Did you agree to "a bunch of crap" by willingly signing the contract with those terms?

You are asking for a guess as to how they identified you but they did. Should there be doubt, you admitted the crime and details here on a public...

What does DISMISSED For Lack Prosecution Without Prejudice mean and it pertains to a bankruptcy and chapters 13 and 7

The short answer - the person filing the case did not follow through on what was supposed to be done, or file the necessary documents.